Alex 4 - Second Report

David: Ladies and gentlemen’s, welcome to the universe origin´s discussion. Today we are with three persons, whit three different theories, who are going to talk us about this topic.

Well… He is a priest, his name is Carlos. The other one is a peasant, his name is… Andres. And the last one is an astrophysical; his name is Cristian.

Ok, let´s start with Carlos and his theological theory.

Carlos: Good Afternoon. Let me tell you the story of creation. This story is found in the first book of the Bible.

The Bible describes the process of creation in terms of "days".

On the first day God created light.

On the second day God created the "expansion" or "atmosphere" of the earth.

On the third day God made the waters and dry land. They also grew trees and herbs.

On the fourth day God created the sun, moon, and stars.

On the fifth day God created the fish of the sea and the birds flying in the skies.

On the sixth day God created other creatures of the earth and created man.

On the seventh day God rested.

Cristian: Do you think that something so big has been created in such a short time?.

Carlos: Here is a part in the bible says that god is a day of thousand days for us and is our day to day for god mil. You must consider that the bible is full of metaphors.

David: Something else to say, Carlos?.

Carlos: No. nothing else… for now.

David: Ok. Let´s continue whit Cristian, and his Big Bang Theory.

Cristian: Good Afternoon, I´m going to talk you about the big bang´s theory. Ok, At begins had nothing. Big Bang is the origin of all that we know. Before there was not mattery, or dark mattery, energy or dark energy, It all started here.

We cann't understand nothing before Big Bang, but we know what happened because echoes have been present in space.

The most important thing to understand Big Bang is to understand Universe's Expansion. This is evidenced at redshift of the electromagnetic waves reaching us from space.

David: Cristian, can you explain me about that “at the begins had nothing”?

Cristian: This is a very difficult idea to understand and causes much confusion between people who have heard of Big Bang theory. But this is so, until there is evidence before the Big Bang, we haven´t any explanation.

David: Something else?.

Cristian: Yes, I have to clarify that all of scientific theories are published from evidence, and if there is a proof that contradicts it, is totally accepted.

David: well… let´s continue with the last person and his theory.

Andres: Hello, my theory is the next: The universe is a set of atoms, our world is only an atom and all universe is a living. Ourselves are an universe, our atoms are little planets, forming a cycle infinity. Because everyone of our atoms is an universe what contain other worlds, even our planet, creating infinity of universes, but doing what everyone is related.

So if we destroy a single atom, we could exterminate all the known and unknown. Creating the nothing. Luckily the energy can't be destroy, just change. Creating new universes or atoms, it is equal.

In a sentence, my theory is “The universe is the smallest thing in the universe”.

David: some question or some to say to Andres?... Cristian?.

Cristian: I disagree.

David: why?.

Cristian: because it’s a baseless theory like creationist theory, however, both theories are respectable; only that I have to say.

David: And you, Carlos?

Carlos: Nothing to say.

David: This was the discussion. Thanks to the three persons for attending the meeting. Good Bye.

Star Chart

A star chart is a map of the night sky. Astronomers divide these into grids to use them more easily. They are used to identify and locate astronomical objects such as stars,constellations and galaxies. They have been used for human navigation since time immemorial. Note that a star chart differs from an astronomical catalog, which is a listing or tabulation of astronomical objects for a particular purpose. A planisphere is a type of star chart.

The oldest star chart known may be a carved ivory Mammoth tusk that was discovered in Germany in 1979. It is one of the most famous designs in the world. This artifact is 32,500 years old and has a carving that resembles the constellation Orion. A drawing on the wall of the Lascaux caves in France has a graphical representation of the Pleiades open cluster of stars. This is dated to 33,000 to 10,000 years ago. Researcher Michael A. Rappenglueck has suggested that a panel in the same caves depicting a charging bison, a man with a bird's head and the head of a bird on top of a piece of wood, together may depict the summer triangle, which at the time was a circumpolar formation.A brief description of this picture shown in the picture could be that its silver made out of silk and mood its old and you can see its dick there as well. Another star chart panel, created more than 21,000 years ago, was found in the La Tête du Lion grotto. The bovine in this panel may represent theconstellation Taurus, with a pattern representing the Pleiades located just above it.

Constellation Ursa Major

This is Ursa Major, also known as the pan, by the resemblance that give its seven main stars. This constellation is located north of the celestial sphere, it serves to locate our geographical north joining the stars opposite the handle of the pan as shown. There are many stories about this constellation, for example, the Chinese saw the car in this asterism of their emperor. In Norse mythology Thor's chariot represented, and one of its star Alcor, Orwandil giant finger that had cut him in battle.

The most popular myth is Greek and says, Callisto was the goddess of hunting and belonged to the retinue of Artemis, so he had taken a vow of chastity obligatory. But Zeus is helplessly in love with her and as I knew that was not going to make or attempt to seduce her case taking the form of Artemis. Zeus and Callisto managed to get pregnant. To avoid all this reached the ears of the jealous wife Hera, Zeus changed Callisto into a bear. But despite everything you hear and control Hera Artemis fired during the hunt a bear. Calisto surprised Artemis taking a bath in the river when he saw her naked belly and asked, she said she had grown and that everything was his fault, even knowing that impersonating Zeus seduced goddess, Artemis, the echo of their courtship. Calisto died for all the intrigue, Zeus to save her son changed Callisto into a bear higher, thus giving immortality. Callisto's son Arcas was given to the Pleiades for what they raised. It is said that Tethys ocean's wife Hera nanny forbade Calisto approaching the sea, he hated what he had cast his goddaughter. Arcas, the son of Zeus and Callisto became king of the Ark, when he died was turned into the constellation of Boötes, the guardian of the bear. Other versions relate it to the Little Dipper.

Orion Constellation

There are several versions of the myth of Orion. One tells that Orion raped Merope, daughter of Oenopion, who therefore left him blind. Helios restored his sight, and then became Orion hunting companion of Artemis and Leto. He promised to kill any animal that had on earth, so that Gaia was angry and gave birth to a scorpion stung Orion huge and killed him. In another version, Artemis was launched by the scorpion against Orion. Finally Zeus placed them at opposite ends of the night sky. Thus, when Orion sets in the western horizon, the scorpion rises in the eastern sky.

Among the constellation of Orion know very well the three stars in his belt, these are called Tres Marias, or Three Kings. There are also two very bright stars, Betelgeuse call (650 times the diameter of our Sun) in red, located on his shoulder and a blue on his foot called Rigel (70 times the solar diameter). Orion allows us to locate both geographic north and south from his belt (as shown). Therefore it is said that Orion is a constellation of reference. An object is interesting to observe the Great Nebula in Orion (M42) located 1500 light years from Earth, which can be seen with binoculars and small telescopes.

Among the constellation of Orion know very well the three stars in his belt, these are called Tres Marias, or Three Kings. There are also two very bright stars, Betelgeuse call (650 times the diameter of our Sun) in red, located on his shoulder and a blue on his foot called Rigel (70 times the solar diameter). Orion allows us to locate both geographic north and south from his belt (as shown). Therefore it is said that Orion is a constellation of reference. An object is interesting to observe the Great Nebula in Orion (M42) located 1500 light years from Earth, which can be seen with binoculars and small telescopes.

Mars Science Laboratory

This 11-minute animation depicts key events of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission, which is going to launch for tomorrow, november 26 on 2011 and it is going to arrive on Mars in August 2012.

Search on for habitable planets in dangerous galaxy

We know for certain that life exists in the Milky Way galaxy: that life is us. Scientists are continually looking to understand more about how life on our planet came to be and the conditions that must be met for its survival, and whether those conditions can be replicated elsewhere in the universe. It turns out that looking at our entire galaxy, rather than focusing just on life-giving properties of our planet or indeed the habitability of regions of our own solar system, is a good place to start.

How far our planet orbits from the sun, along with other factors such as atmospheric composition, a carbon cycle and the existence of water, has told astronomers much about the conditions that are required for life to not only originate, but to survive on rocky worlds. This distance from a star is referred to, quite simply, as the 'Habitable Zone' or sometimes the 'Goldilocks Zone'' because conditions here are neither too hot or too cold for water to be liquid on the planet’s surface — conditions just right for lifeas we know it to thrive. [ Gallery: The Strangest Alien Planets ]

Copernican theory tells us that our world is a typical rocky planet in a typical planetary system. This concept has spurred some astronomers to start thinking bigger, way beyond the simplicity of any one planetary system and instead towards much grander scales. 

Astronomers are exploring whether there is a Galactic Habitable Zone (GHZ) in our Galaxy — a region of the Milky Way that is conducive to forming planetary systems with habitable worlds. The Galactic Habitable Zone implies that if there are conditions just right for a planet around a star, then the same must go for a galaxy.

Big Bang's Theory

At beggins had nothing. This is an idea very difficult to understand and it cause much confusion between people who have heard about  Big bang's Theory. But this is so.

Big Bang is the origin of all that we know. Before there was not mattery, or dark mattery, energy or dark energy, It all started here.

We cann't understand nothing before Big Bang, but we know what happened because echoes have been present in space.

The most important thing to understand Big Bang is to understand Universe's Expansion. This is evidenced at redshift of the electromagnetic waves reaching us from space.

Redshift: Doppler's Effect of electromagnetic waves

Redshift was discovered by Edwin Powell Hubble when in his observatios he observed that celestial objects sent their electromagnetic radiation but they came to us with a lower frequency, or a redshift. Then he concluded these objects away.

Doppler's Effect confimed Big Bang's Theory 

Then the scientifics deduced: "if everything away from everything at all times, before everything was over with".

So that the universe originated in the Big Bang.

DARPA wants to kickstart a plan to send people to another star

We are pretty far off from sending humans to a star other than our own; at least a couple of centuries, scientists think. But it's never too early to start planning.

DARPA is set to hand out $500,000 to an organization dedicated to studying just what it would take to travel to Alpha Centauri or another nearby star. Current projections say that we could get a scientific probe to that star, which is 4.4 light years away, in less than 100 years.
Of course, there's a lot to figure out when planning such an epic, and expensive, voyage. They'll be studying what it would take "organizationally, technically, sociologically and ethically" to make it happen. And once DARPA hands out that half a million, that's all the government wants to put into the project; they're hoping that the private sector will pick up the slack and take it from there. Hey, I hear there's gold in the center of Alpha Centauri! Seems like a sound investment.

Tsuki no Usagi, the rabbit of the moon

The Japanese see the moon surface image of a rabbit pounding rice with a hammer to prepare mochi (a traditional sweet). This image has a caption:

There is an old pilgrim found one day a monkey, a fox and a hare. The man, elderly, was exhausted by his journey which led him to ask the three animals as a favor, get him some food. The monkey climbed a tree and picked fruit, with great agility fox caught a bird and hare with great regret, he returned empty-handed.

Seeing the old man's sad face and tired, felt guilty. Then he picked up branches and leaves, lit a fire and ran inside to offer herself as food. The old man, moved by the tragic sacrifice of the poor animal, revealed his true identity. He was a deity of great power who collected the remains of the hare and buried on the moon as a monument to his gesture of solidarity.

This story is part of Japanese culture. As a curious note, after narrating usually explained, mainly children, the rabbits jump trying to reach his hero resting on the moon.